Administrative Supervision
Harris, S. M., Samford, B. A., Mehus, C. J., & Zubatsky, J. M. (2013). Challenges faced by MFTs in administrative or managerial positions. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41:173–183. https:// doi: 10.1080/01926187.2012.677643
Krieder, H. D. (2014). Administrative and clinical supervision: The impact of dual roles on supervisee disclosure in counseling supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 33(2), 256-268.
Tromski-Klingshirn, D. M. (2006). Should the clinical supervisor be the administrative supervisor? The ethics versus the reality. The Clinical Supervisor, 25(1/2), 53-67. https://doi:10.1300/J001v25n01_05
Tromski-Klingshirn, D. M., & Davis, T. E. (2007). Supervisees’ perceptions of their clinical supervision: A study of the dual role of clinical and administrative supervisor. Counselor Education and Supervision, 46(4), 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2007.tb00033.x
Advocacy
Bradley, L. J., Lewis, J., Hendricks, B., & Crews, C. R. (2008). Advocacy: Implications for supervision training. (ACAPCD-13). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Chang, C. Y., Hays, D. G., & Millikin, T. F. (2009). Addressing social justice issues in supervision: A call for client and professional advocacy. The Clinical Supervisor, 28(1), 20-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07325220902855144
Glossoff, H. L., & Durhan, J. C. (2010). Using supervision to prepare social justice counseling advocates. Counselor Education and Supervision, 50(2), 116–129
McGeorge, C. R., & Carlson, T. S. (2010). Social justice mentoring: Preparing family therapists for social justice advocacy work. Michigan Family Review, 14(1). Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.4919087.0014.106
Approaches to Supervision
Bernard, J. (1979). Supervisor training: A discrimination model. Counselor Education and Supervision, 19(1), 60-69.
Morgan, M. M. & Sprenkle, D. H. (2007). Toward a common-factors approach to supervision. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33(1), 1–17 (read pp. 6-17).
Competency Profiles
Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (2016). Competency profile comparison. Ottawa, ON; Author.
Falender, C. A., Shafranske, E. P., & Ofek, A. (2014). Competent clinical supervision: Emerging effective practices. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 27(4), 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2014.934785
Fouad, N. A., Grus, C. L., Hatcher, R. L., Kaslow, N. J., Hutchings, P. S., Madson, M. B., Collins, F. L., Jr., & Crossman, R. E. (2009). Competency benchmarks: A model for understanding and measuring competence in professional psychology across training levels. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 3(4, Suppl), S5–S26. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015832
Kaslow, N. J., Grus, C. L., Campbell, L. F., Fouad, N. A., Hatcher, R. L., & Rodolfa, E. R. (2009). Competency Assessment Toolkit for professional psychology. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 3(4, Suppl), S27–S45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015833
Ontario Psychological Association (2015). OPA self-assessment tool for best practices in clinical supervision. Toronto, ON: Author. Retrieved from http://www.psych.on.ca/OPA/media/opa-main/Board-Members/Quality-Assurance-Self-AssessmentFinal.pdf?ext=.pdf
Rodolfa, E., Bent, R., Eisman, E., Nelson, P., Rehm, L., & Ritchie, P. (2005). A Cube Model for Competency Development: Implications for Psychology Educators and Regulators. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(4), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.4.347
Roth, A. D., & Pilling, S. (2015). A competence framework for the supervision of psychological therapies. Edinburgh: Care Services Improvement Partnership, NHS Education. Retrieved from http://www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/research/cehp/research-groups/core/competence-frameworks/Supervision_of_Psychological_Therapies (Please review Generic Supervision Competencies and Metacompetencies).
Contracting/Informed Consent
Thomas, J. T. (2007). Informed consent through contracting for supervision: Minimizing risks, enhancing benefits. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(3), 221-231.
Culture-Infused Supervision
Arthur, N. & Collins, S. (2010). Culture-infused counselling supervision. In N. Pelling, J. Bartletta, & P. Armstrong (Eds.), The practice of clinical supervision (pp. 267 – 295). Bowen Hills, QLD: Australian Academic Press.
Definitions of Supervision
Chang, J. (2013). A contextual-functional meta-framework for counselling supervision. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 35(2), 71-87. doi: 10.1007/s10447-0129168-2 (Table)
Falender, C. A., & Skafranske, E. P. (2004). Clinical supervision: A competency-based approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (Chapter 1).
Milne, D. (2007). An empirical definition of clinical supervision. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 437–447.
Developmental Approaches to Supervision
Auxier, C. R., Hughes, F. R., & Kline, W. B. (2003). Identity development in counselors-in-training. Counselor Education and Supervision, 43, 25-38.
Chagnon, J., & Russell, R. K. (1995). Assessment of supervisee developmental level and supervision environment across supervisor experience. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 553-558.
Forehand-Hughes, A., Holden, V., & Ramey, A. (2012). Developmental supervision. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/amberforehand/developmental-supervision.
Holloway, E. L. (1987). Developmental models of supervision: Is it development? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 18, 209-216.
Krause, A. A., & Allen, G. J. (1988). Perceptions of counselor supervision: An examination of Stoltenberg’s model from the perspectives of supervisor and supervisee. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35, 77-80.
Reising, G. N., & Daniels, M. H. (1983). A study of Hogan’s model of counselor development and supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 235-244.
Rønnestad, M. H., & Skovholt, T. M. (2003). The journey of the counselor and therapist: Research findings and perspectives on professional development. Journal of Career Development, 30(1), 5-44.
Rønnestad, M. H., & Skovholt, T. M. (1993). Supervision of beginning and advanced graduate students of counseling and psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 396-405.
Skovholt, T. M., & Rønnestad, M. H. (2003). Struggles of the novice counselor and therapist. Journal of Career Development, 30(1), 45-58.
Stoltenberg, C. D. (2008). Developmental approaches to supervision. In C. A. Falender, & E. P. Shafranske (Eds.), Casebook for clinical supervision: A competency-based approach (pp. 39-56). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Entry to Practice Competency Profiles
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (2004). Marriage and family therapy core competencies. Alexandria, VA: Author.
College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (2012). Entry-to-practice competency profile for Registered Psychotherapists. Toronto, ON: Author.
Federation of Associated Counselling Therapists in British Columbia (2016). Updated entry-to-practice competency profile for counselling therapists. Vancouver, BC: Author.
National Association of School Psychologists (2010). Standards for the credentialing of school psychologists. Bethesda, MD: Author.
Fouad, N. A., Grus, C. L., Hatcher, R. L.,… & Crossman, R. E. (2009). Competency benchmarks: A model for understanding and measuring competence in professional psychology across training levels. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 3(4), S5–S26.
Ethics
Barnett, J. E., & Molzon, C. H. (2014). Clinical supervision of psychotherapy: Essential ethics issues for supervisors and supervisees. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, 70(11), 1051-1061. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22126
Behnke, S. (2008). Reflections on training ethical psychologists. Monitor on Psychology, 39(1) retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/jan08/ethics.aspx
Haug, I. E., & Storm, C. L. (2014). Developing ethical decision-making in systemic supervision. In T. C. Todd & C. L. Storm, The complete systemic supervisor: Context, philosophy, and pragmatics (2nd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Goal-Setting
Gonsalves, C. J. (2014). Establishing supervision goals and formalizing a supervision agreement: A competency-based approach. In C. Edward Watkins, Jr. & D. L. Milne (Eds.), The Wiley International handbook of clinical supervision (pp. 282-307). London, UK. John Wiley & Sons.
Harmful Supervision
Gray, L. A., Ladany, N., Ancis, J. R., & Walker, J. A. (2001). Psychotherapy trainees’ experience of counterproductive events in supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology,48 (4), 371-383.
McNamara, M. L., Kangos, K. A., Corp, D., A., Ellis, M. V., & Taylor, E. J. (2017). Narratives of harmful clinical supervision: Synthesis and recommendations. The Clinical Supervisor, 36(1), 124–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2017.1298488
Mentoring
Johnson, W. B. (2002). The intentional mentor: Strategies and guidelines for the practice of mentoring. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33(1), 88–96. doi: 10.1037//0735-7028.33.1.88
Rosenberg, A., & Heimberg, R. G. (2009). Ethical issues in mentoring doctoral students in clinical psychology. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16(2), 181-190
Psychotherapy-Based Approaches to Supervision
Aten, J. D., & Strain, J. D. (2008). A transtheoretical model of clinical supervision. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 2(1), 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/1931-3918.2.1.1
Beck, J. S., Sarnat, J. E., & Barenstein, V. (2009). Psychotherapy-based approaches to supervision. In C. Falender & P. Shafranske (Eds.), Casebook for clinical supervision: A competency‐based approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Boswell, J. F., Nelson, D. L., Nordberg, S. S., McAleavey, A. A, & Castonguay, L. G., (2010). Competency in integrative psychotherapy: Perspectives on training and supervision. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(1), 3-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018849
Celano, M. P., Smith, C. O., & Kaslow, N. J. (2010). A competency-based approach to couple and family therapy supervision. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(1), 35-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018845
Falender, C. A., & Shafranske, E. P. (2010). Psychotherapy-based supervision models in an emerging competency-based era: A commentary. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(1), 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018873
Farber, E. W. (2010). Humanistic–existential psychotherapy competencies and the supervisory process. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(1), 28-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018847
Neuger, C. C. (2015). Narrative therapy and supervision. Reflective Practice: Formation and Supervision in Ministry, 35. Retrieved from http://journals.sfu.ca/rpfs/index.php/rpfs/article/view/382/374
Newman, C. F. (2010). Competency in conducting cognitive–behavioral therapy: Foundational, functional, and supervisory aspects. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(1), 12-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018849
Patterson, C. H. (1983). A client-centered approach to supervision. The Counseling Psychologist, 11, 21-26.
Pearson, Q. M. (2006). Psychotherapy-driven supervision: Integrating counseling theories into role-based supervision. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 28(3), 241-252.
Sarnat, J. (2010). Key competencies of the psychodynamic psychotherapist and how to teach them in supervision. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 47(1), 20-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018846
Thomas, F. N. (1996). Solution-focused supervision: The coaxing of expertise. In S. D. Miller, M. A. Hubble, & B. L. Duncan (Eds.), Handbook of solution-focused brief therapy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Wessler, R. L., & Ellis, A. (1983). Supervision in counseling: Rational-emotive therapy. The Counseling Psychologist, 11, 43-50.
Skill Development and Practice
Chow, D. & Miller, S. D. (2016). Taxonomy of deliberate practice activities in psychotherapy: Supervisor’s version (Version 4). Chicago, IL: International Center for Clinical Excellence.
Chow, D. & Miller, S. D. (2016). Taxonomy of deliberate practice activities in psychotherapy: Therapist version (Version 4). Chicago, IL: International Center for Clinical Excellence.
Rousmaniere, T. (2016). Deliberate practice for early career psychotherapists. Psychotherapy Bulletin, 51(3), 25-29.
Tomm, K. M., & Wright, L. M. (1979). Training in family therapy: Perceptual, conceptual, and executive skills. Family Process, 18, 227-250.
Supervisory Working Alliance, Rupture, and Repair
Beinart, H. (2014). Building and sustaining the supervisory relationship. In. C. E. Watkins, Jr. & D. L. Milne (Eds.), The Wiley international handbook of clinical supervision (pp. 257-281). Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
Chang, J., & Gaete, J. (2013). IP-supervision as relationally responsive practice. In K. Tomm, D. Wulff, S. St. George, & T. Strong (Eds.), Patterns in interpersonal interactions: Inviting relational understandings for therapeutic change (pp. 187-209). New York: Routledge.
Farber, B. A., & Hazanov, V. (2014) Informal sources of supervision in clinical training. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, 70(11), 1062–1072.
Mehr, K. E., Ladany, N., & Caskie, G. I. L. (2010). Trainee nondisclosure in supervision: What are they not telling you? Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10(2), 103-113.
Watkins, Jr., C. E., Hook, J. N., Ramaeker, J., & Ramos, M. (2016). Repairing the ruptured supervisory alliance: Humility as a foundational virtue in clinical supervision. Clinical Supervisor, 35(1), 22-41. doi: 10.1080/07325223.2015.1127190.
Watkins, Jr., C. E., Reyna, S, H., Ramos, M. J., & Hook, J. N. (2015). The ruptured supervisory alliance and its repair: On supervisor apology as a reparative intervention. Clinical Supervisor, 34(1), 98-114. doi: 10.1080/07325223.2015.1015194
Theoretical Development
Ellis, M. V., Hutman, H., & Deihl, L. M. (2013). Chalkboard case conceptualization: A method for integrating clinical data. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 7(4), 246-256.
Hrovat, A., & Luke, M. (2016). Is the personal theoretical: An analysis of student theory journals. Journal of Counselor Preparation & Supervision, 8(1), 49-77. doi: 10.7729/81.1084.
Lebow, J. L. (1987). Developing a personal integration in family therapy: Principles for model construction and practice personal integration. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 13(1), 1-14.
Spruill, D. A., & Benshoff, J. M. (2000). Helping beginning counselors develop a personal theory of counseling. Counselor Education and Supervision, 40(1), 70–80. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.2000.tb01800.
Sample Supervision Contracts
Standards and Guidelines
American Psychological Association (2014). Guidelines for clinical supervision in health service psychology. Retrieved from http://apa.org/about/policy/guidelines-supervision.pdf
Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (2011). Best practices in clinical supervision. Alexandria, VA: Author.
Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (2015). Supervision guidelines for education and training leading to licensure as a health service provider. Tyrone, GA: Author.
Canadian Psychological Association (2009). Ethical guidelines for supervision in psychology: Teaching, research, practice, and administration. Ottawa, ON: Author.
Transference and Countertransference in Supervision
Ladany, N., Friedlander, M. L., & Nelson, M. L. (2005). Critical events in psychotherapy supervision: An interpersonal approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (Chapter 5).
Shafranske, E. P., & Falender, C. A. (2008). Supervision addressing personal factors and countertransference. C. A. Falender & E. P. Shafranske (Eds.), Casebook for clinical supervision: A competency-based approach (pp. 97-120). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Southern, S. (2007). Countertransference and intersubjectivity: Golden opportunities in clinical supervision. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 14(4), 279-302.
Dr. Jeff Chang 
